کلمات اختصاری در الکترونیک

[jfrras]

کلمات اختصاری در الکترونیک

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AC	Alternating Current (vs DC)
ACK	Acknowledge (logic signal)
ACIA	Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter
ACL	Advanced CMOS Logic (as in 74ACL245)
A/D	Analog to Digital
AF	Audio Frequency
AFC	Automatic Frequency Control
AGC	Automatic Gain Control AI Artificial Intelligence
ALC	Automatic Level Control
ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit
A/N	Alphanumeric
ANSI	American National Standards Institute
ARRL	American Radio Relay League
AS	Advanced Schottky (as in 74AS245)
ASIC	Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
ASK	Amplitude-Shift Keying
ATC	Air Traffic Control
AV	Audio/Visual
AVC	Automatic Volume Control

BASIC	Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BBD	Bucket Brigade Device
BCD	Binary Coded Decimal
BEV	Billion Electron Volts
BIFET	BIpolar Field-Effect Transistor
BNC	Baby N Connector
BPI	Bits Per Inch
BPS	Bits Per Second
BTW	By The Way B&W Black & White (TV)
BW	BandWidth

CAD	Computer Assisted Design
CADA	Computer Assisted Design and Analysis
CADD	Computer Assisted Design and Development
CAE	Computer Assisted Engineering
CAM	Computer Assisted Manufacturing
CAN	CANcel
CAS	Column-Address Strobe (logic signal)
CATV	CAble TeleVision
CB	Citizens' Band
CBI	Complementary Binary
CC	Constant Current
CCD	Charge Coupled Device (used in cameras)
CCITT	International Telegraphy and Telephony Consultative Committee
CCTV	Closed Circuit TeleVision
CCW	Counter Clock-Wise
CD	Compact Disk
CD-I	Compact Disk - Interactive
CD-ROM	Compact Disk - Read Only Memory
CECL	Cascode Emitter-Coubled Logic
CEMF	Counter ElectroMotive Force
CerDIP	Ceramic Dual Inline Package
CES	Consumer Electronics Show
CF	Center Frequency
CFM	Cubic Feet per Minute
CISC	Complex Instruction Set Computer (vs RISC)
CL	Current Loop
CMOS	Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CP/M	Control Program for Microcomputers (operating system)
CPI	Character Per Inch
CPU	Central Processing Unit
CRC	Cyclic Redundancy Check (error detection scheme)
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube (TV/Monitor display, vs LCD)
CS	Control Strobe (logic signal)
CSA	Canadian Standards Association (UL's Canadian counterpart)
CTC	Counter/Timer Circuit
CTS	Clear To Send (protocol signal)
CV	Constant Voltage
CVT	Constant Voltage Transformer
CW	ClockWise

D/A	Digital to Analog
DAC	Digital to Analog Converter | Data Acquisition and Control
DARPA	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAV	Data AValiable | DatA Valid (logic signal)
dB	deciBel
DBA	DeciBels - Adjusted
DBK	DeciBels - referred to 1 Kilowatt
dBM	DeciBels - above or below 1 milliwatt
DBV	DeciBels - Voltage
DBX	DeciBels - above reference coupling
DC	Direct Current (vs AC)
DCD	Data Carrier Detect (protocol signal)
DES	Data Encription Standard
DIAC	Bilateral trigger diode
DIL	Dual In Line
DIN	Deutsche Industrie Normenausschuss
DIP	Dual Inline Package
DLC	Dual-Layer Capacitor
DMA	Direct Memory Access
DMM	Digital MultiMeter
DOD	Department of Defense
DOS	Disk Operating System
DOT	Department of Transportation
DP	Data Processing
DPDT	Dual Pole Dual Throw (as in a switch)
DPI	Dots Per Inch (as in resolution)
DPST	Dual Pole Single Throw (as in a switch)
DRAM	Dynamic Random Access Memory
DS	Data Strobe (logic signal)
DSO	Digital Storage Oscilloscope
DSP	Digital Signal Processing
DTL	Diode Transistor Logic (predecessor of TTL)
DTMF	Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (aka Touch Tones(tm))
DTR	Data Terminal Ready (protcol signal)
DVM	Digital Volt-Meter

E2PROM	Electricaly Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EAPROM	Electricaly Alterable Read Only Memory
EBCDIC	Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
ECC	Error Checking and Correction
ECL	Emitter Coupled Logic
EEPROM	Electricaly Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EGA	Enhanced Graphics Adapter
EIA	Electronics Industries Association
EL	ElectroLuminescent
ELF	Extremly Low Frequency
EMF	ElectroMotive Force
EMI	ElectroMagnetic Interference
EMP	ElectroMagnetic Pulse
ENIAC	Electronic Numerical Integrater and Computer (aka first computer)
EOT	End Of Transmission (protocol signal)
EPLD	Electricaly Programmable Logic Device
EPROM	Electricaly Programmable Read Only Memory (UltraViolet erased)
EQ	EQualizer
ESA	European Space Agency
ESD	Electrostatic Sensitive Device (aka CMOS
ESR	Equivalent Series Resistance
EV	Electron Volt

F	Farad (measure of capacitance)
FAA	Federal Aviation Administration
FAST	Fairchild Advanced Schottky TTL (as in 74F245)
FAX	Facsimile FCC Federal Communications Commision
FDC	Floppy Disk Controller
FET	Field Effect Transistor
FF	Flip Flop
FFT	Fast Fourier Transform
FIFO	First In First Out
FILO	First In Last Out
FM	Frequency Modulation
FORTRAN	FORmula TRANslation
FP	Floating Point
FPLA	Field Programmable Logic Array
FPU	Floating Point Unit
FSK	Frequency-Shift Keying
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
FUBAR	Fouled/F***ed Up Beyond Any Recognition/Repair
FVC	Frequency to Voltage Converter

GA	Gate Array
GAL	Generic Array Logic
GCS	Gate Controller Switch
GFCI	Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
GFI	Ground Fault Interrupter
GFLOPS	Billions of FLOating Point operations per Second
GIGO	Garbage In Garbage Out
GND	GrouND
GPIB	General Purpose Interface Bus
GPS	Global Positioning System

HAL	Hardwired Array Logic
HC	High speed Cmos (as in 74HC245)
HCT	High speed Cmos with Ttl thersholds (as in 74HCT245)
HD	High Density
HDC	Hard Disk Controller
HDTV	High Definition TeleVision
HDX	Half DupleX
HER	High Efficiency Red (as in a LED)
HET	Hetetodyne
HF	High Frequency
HFS	Hierarchical File System
HIC	Hybrid Integrated Circuit
HP	Hewlett Packard (company) | Horse Power
HPIB	Hewlett Packard Interface Bus
HPIL	Hewlett Packard Interface Loop (as in HP41CX calculator)
HTL	High Threshold Logic
HVDC	High Volatage Direct Current
HVPS	High Volatage Power Supply
Hz	Hertz (cycles per second)

I2ICE	Integrated Instrumentation and InCircuit Emulation
IA	Instrumentation Amplifier
IC	Integrated Circuit
ICE	InCircuit Emulation
IEEE	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IF	Intermediate Frequency
IGFET	Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor
IMHO	In My Humble Opinion
IMNHO	In My Not so Humble Opinion
IOB	Input/Output processor
IP	Interface Processor
IR	Current/Resistance | InfraRed
IRED	InfraRed Emitting Diode
ISA	Instrument Society of America
ISN	Information Systems Network
ISO	In Search Of

JEDEC	Joint Electron Device Engineering Council
JFET	Junction Field Effect Transistor
JIS	Japanese Industrial Standard
JPL	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JUG	Joint Users Group

K	Kilo (1000 units)
KA	KiloAmpere (1000A)
KBPS	KiloBits Per Second
KEV	Kilo Electron Volts
KHz	Kilo Hertz (1000 cycles per second)
KVA	Kilo Volt Amperes
KWH	Kilo Watt Hours

L	Inductance
L2FET	Logic Level Field Effect Transistor
LAN	Local Area Network
LASCR	Light Activated Silicon Controlled Rectifier
LASER	Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
LC	Inductance and Capacitance
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display
LCM	Least/Lowest Common Multiple
LD	Line Driver
LED	Light Emitting Diode
LF	Low Frequency
LIFO	Last In First Out
LISP	LISt Processing (language)
LO	Local Oscillator
LORAN	LOng RAnge Navigation
LP	Low Pass
LPC	Linear Predictive Coding
LPM	Lines Per Minute
LPT	Line PrinTer (port - aka parallel port - of IBM PC fame)
LSB	Least Significant Bit
LSD	Least Significant Digit
LSI	Large Scale Integration
LUT	Look Up Table
LW	Long Wave

MB	MegaBytes (1024 * 1024 bytes)
MBPS	Million Bytes Per Second
MCA	Micro Channel Architecture (IBM PS/2's bus)
MCU	MicroComputer Unit
MDAC	Multiplying Digital to Analog Converter
MECL	Motorola Emitter Coupled Logic
MFLOPS	Millions of FLOating Point operations per Second
MFM	Modified Frequency Modulation
MHz	MegaHertz
MIDI	Music Instrument Digital Interface
MIL	MILitary
MIPS	Millions of Instructions Per Second
MMU	Memory Management Unit
MO	Master Oscillator
MOS	Metal Oxide Semiconductor
MOSFET	Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
MOV	Metal Oxide Varistor
MPU	Main Processing Unit
MR	Magnetic Resonance
MS-DOS	MicroSoft Disk Operating System
MSB	Most Significant Bit
MSD	Most Significant Digit
MSI	Medium Scale Intergration
MTBF	Mean Time Between Failures
MTS	Multichannel Television Sound (aka Stereo TV)
MUX	Multiplexer

NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NC	Not Connected (pin) | Normally Closed (switch/relay)
NEDA	National Electronics Distributors Association
NEMA	National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NF	NanoFarad (measure of capacitance)
NFS	Network File Server
NiCad	Nickel Cadmium (rechargable battery) TM of Saft America
NMOS	N-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NO	Normally Open (switch/relay)
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORAD	NORth American Defense
NPN	Negative Positive Negative (as in 2N2222 transistor)
NPO	Negative Positive 0 temperature coefficient (cermaic capacitors)
NPR	Nations Public Radio
NRZ	Non Return to Zero
NRZI	Non Return to Zero Invert
NSB	National Science Board
NSF	National Science Foundation
NSPE	National Society of Professional Engineers
NT	Network Terminator
NTC	Negative Temperature Coefficient
NTSC	National Television Systems Committee (Never The Same Color twice

OC	Open Collector
OCR	Optical Character Recognition
OEM	Original Equipment Manufacturer
OS	Operating System
OSCAR	Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio
OSHA	Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTDR	Optical Time Domain Reflectrometry
OTOH	On The Other Hand
OTP	One Time Programmable (as in PROM or plastic EPROM)
OVP	Over Voltage Protection

PA	Power Amplifier | Public Address
PAL	Programmable Array Logic (TM of Monolithic Memories)
PBX	Perivate Branch eXchange
PC	Personal Computer | Printed Circuit | Program Counter
PCB	Printed Circuit Board
PCC	Plastic Chip Carrier
PCM	Pulse Code Modulation
PEC	PhotoElectric Cell
PF	Power Factor
PG	Power Gain
PGA	Pin Grid Array
PIA	Peripheral Interface Adapter
PIC	Priority Interrupt Controller | Prallax'es microcontroller name
PIV	Peak Inverse Voltage
PLA	Programmable Logic Array
PLCC	Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
PLD	Programmable Logic Device
PLL	Phase Locked Loop
PM	Phase Modulation | Pulse Modulation
PNP	Positive Negative Positive (transistor)
POS	Point Of Sale
POV	Peak Operating Voltage
PPM	Parts Per Million
PPS	Pulses Per Second
PRN	Pseudo Random Noise
PROM	Programmable Read Only Memory
PSG	Programmable Sound Generator
PSI	Pounds per Square Inch (pressure)
PSK	Phase Shift Keying
PTT	Push To Talk (microphone)
PUT	Programmable Unijunction Transistor
PV	PhotoVoltaic
PWM	Pulse Width Modulation
PWR	PoWeR

QA	Quality Assurance
QC	Quality Control
QIC	Quarter Inch Cartridge
QIP	Quad Inline Package
QSM	Quad Surface Mount

R&D	Research and Development
RAD	Radiation Absorbed Dose
RADAR	RAdio Detection And Ranging
RAM	Random Access Memory
RAS	Row Address Strobe (logic signal)
RC	Radio Control | Resistance and Capacitance
RCV	ReCeiVe
RD	Receive Data | ReaD (logic signal)
RDA	Deceive Data
RDY	ReaDY
REM	Roentgen equivalent man
REP	Roentgen equivalent Physical
RET	RETurn
RF	Radio Frequency
RFI	Radio Frequency Interference
RGB	Red Green Blue
RH	Relative Humidity
RHDP	Right Hand Decimal Point
RISC	Reduced Instruction Set Computer (vs CISC)
RLC	Resistance Inductance Capacitance
RLG	Ring Laser Gyroscope
RMI	Radio Magnetic Interference
RMS	Root Mean Square
ROM	Read Only Memory
RPM	Revolutions Per Minute
RPN	Reverse Polish Notation (as in HP calculators)
RPS	Revolutions Per Second
RS	Reed Solomon (error correction)
RT	Real Time | Rise Time
RTD	Resistance Temperature Detector
RTI	Real Time Interrupt
RTL	Resistor Transistor Logic
RTOS	Real Time Operating System
RTS	Request To Send (protocol signal)

S/H	Sample and Hold
S/N	Signal to Noise (ratio)
SAW	Surface Acoustic Wave
SBC	Single Board Computer
SCA	SubCarrier Adapter
SCI	Serial Communication Interface
SCL	Serial CLock
SCR	Silicon Controller Rectifier
SCS	Silicon Controller Switch
SCSI	Small Computer System Interface
SDI	Strategic Defense Initiative
SEM	Scanning Electron Microscope
SEMI	Semiconductor Equipment and Materials Institute
SFC	polyStyrene Film Capacitor
SG	Signal Ground
SI	Systeme International (international system of units)
SIMM	Single Inline Memory Module
SIO	Serial Input and Output
SIPO	Serial In Parallel Out
SLC	Sigle Layer Ceramic (capacitor)
SM	Surface Mount
SMD	Surface Mount Device
SNR	Signal to Noise Ratio
SO	Serial Output | Small Outline | Significant Other
SOIC	Small Outline Integrated Circuit
SOJ	Small Outline J-leaded (chip package)
SOLV	SOLenoid Valve
SONAR	SOund NAvigation and Ranging
SOP	Small Outline Package
SP	Signal Processor | Stack Pointer
SPDT	Single Pole Double Throw (switch)
SPI	Serial to Parallel Interface
SPICE	Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis
SPL	Sound Pressure Level
SPST	Single Pole Single Throw (switch)
SQL	Structured Query Language (for databases)
SR	Shift Register
SRAM	Static Random Access Memory
SSB	Single SideBand
SSI	Small Scale Integration
SSR	Solid State Relay
SSTV	Slow Scan TeleVision
SW	Short Wave

T/H	Track and Hold
TC	Temperature Coefficient
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD	Tunnel Diode
TDD	Telecomunication Devices for the Deaf
TEM	Transverse Electromagnetic (wave)
TF	Transfer Function
TFD	Thin Film Detector
TFEL	Thin Film ElectroLuminescent
TFT	Thin Film Transistor
THD	Total Harmonic Distortion
THz	TetraHertz
TIG	Tungsten Inert Gas
TM	Transverse Magnetic (wave)
TR	Transient Response
TS	Time Sharing
TTL	Transistor Transistor Logic
TV	TeleVision
TWT	Traveling Wave Tube

UART	Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter uF micro Farad (measure of capacitance)
UHF	Ultra High Frequency
UHV	Ultra High Vacuum
UJT	UniJunction Transistor
UL	Underwriters Laboratories
ULSI	Ultra Large Scale Integration
UPC	Universal Product Code
UPS	Uninterruptible Power Supply
USART	Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UTC	Universal Time Code
UV	UltraViolet
UVA	UltraViolet Alpha
UVB	UltraViolet Beta

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VA	Volt Ampere
VAC	Volts Alternating Current
VAR	VARiable
VCC	Supply Voltage - positive
VCD	Variable Capacitance Diode
VCO	Voltage Controlled Oscillator
VCR	Video Cassette Recorder
VDC	Volts Direct Current
VDD	Supply Voltage - negative
VF	Vacuum Fluorecent
VFC	Voltage to Frequency Converter
VFO	Variable Frequency Oscillator (vs a crystal oscillator)
VHF	Very High Frequency
VLF	Very Low Frequency
VLSI	Very Large Scale Integration
VLT	Video Look up Table
VOL	VOLume
VOM	Volt OhmMeter
VOX	Voice Operated transmit ("trans" = X as in "Xmitter")
VR	Voltage Regulator
VRAM	Video Random Access Memory (aka Very fast RAM)
VS	Vertical Sync
VSS	Supply Voltage - Negative
VT	Virtual Terminal
VTM	Voltage Tunable Magnetron
VTVM	Vacuum Tube Volt Meter
VXO	Variable crystal Oscilator

WACK	Wait before ACKowledge
WDT	Watch Dog Timer
WHR	Watt HouR
WP	Word Processor
WPM	Words Per Minute
WR	WRite (logic signal)
WV	Working Voltage
WW	Wire Wound | Wire Wrap

XMT	TransMiT
XTAL	crysTAL

YAG	Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (laser)
YIG	Yttrium Iron Garnet

ZD	Zero Defects
ZIF	Zero Insertion Force
ZIP	Zigzag Inline Package | Compression scheme

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