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آموزشی: سرفصل تعمیرات سخت افزار و لپ تاپ به زبان انگلیسی

pese

کاربر
2013-05-26
257
1,545
اصفهان
www.servicekaran.ir
سلام دوستان این سرفصل را من به زبان انگلیسی می گذارم چون در عمل سرچ کردن خیلی کار آمد هست.
به خاطر این که در تعمیرات شما باید اول از همه زبان انگلیسی قوی داشته باشید و دوم ازطریق چه کلماتی می توانید به بهترین وجه ممکن سرچ کنید.

سر فصل تعمیرات سخت افزار پی سی و لپ تاپ هست
LAPTOPS CHIPLEVEL MOTHERBOARD LAPTOPS REPAIR CLASSES Chip level computer mother baord & Laptops repair course.
This course covers starts from the identification of mother boards,
Troubleshooting various problems related to mother baord like
1. No display
2. No sound
3. Heating of cpu
4. CPU Fan problems
5 Ram related problems
6. Bay or slots problems
7. CHip set problem
8. Input Output Controller ICs problems
9. North & South bridge, Chipset identification
10. Checking of tracks on the mother board
11. CHecking of various components like mosfet, bios, jumpers switches, usb slot replacements,
12. MOther board solderings & fixing of microbga ics
13. 100 percent track tracings
14. repalcement of all ics on the motherbaord
15. Repairs of smps & power supply modules on motehr baords
Basic Electronics
(Resistors, Capacitor, Diodes, Inductors, Transformers)
Types of IC s (Dual, Quad, Bga)
Using of Tools practicals
Architecture of Motherboard
(slots ISA/ EISA/ VESA/ PCI/ AGP/ PCI-X)
Memory slots (Ram)
(168/ 200/ 240/ 244 pin SDRAM, DDR, DDR2, DDR3 pin voltages/ speed)
RomBios (different types quad, dual)
I/ O devices (comport, parallel, usb, soundcard, video card, lancard pin voltages)
IDE connectors SATA Hard disk pin voltages & Testing
Important supporting Ics
(Northbridge, Southbridge, SUPER I/ O, MULTI I/ O, CLOCK IC, PWM IC)
CPU pin voltage
Power section of m/ b connector
Troubleshooting of Dead motherboard
Troubleshooting using Debug card and codes
Laptop Power failure,(laptop not powering on) DEAD
Laptop charging problem,
Laptop No Display problem,
Laptop keyboard failure etc
Tools used for M/ B servicing
(Blower, multimeter, soldering iron, lead sucker, desoldering wire etc)
Basic Electronics
(Resistors, Capacitor, Diodes, Inductors, Transistor, Mosfets, Transformers)
Types of ICa ™s (Dual, Quad, Bga, PGA, FPGA, FBGA)
Using of Tools practicals
Architecture of Motherboard
(slots ISA/ EISA/ VESA/ PCI/ AGP/ PCI-X)
Memory slots (Ram)
(168/ 200/ 240/ 244 pin sdram, ddr, ddr1, ddr2 pin voltages/ speed)
Rom Bios (different types quad, dual)
I/ O devices (comport, parallel, usb, soundcard, video card, lancard pin voltages)
IDE & SATA Hard disk connectors pin voltages
Important supporting Ics
(Northbridge, Southbridge, Super I/ O, Clock Ic, PWM, ACPI)
CPU pin voltage
Power section of LAPTOP & PC MOTHERBOARDS
Troubleshooting of Dead motherboard & Dead Laptops No Display, Hanging, Restarting, Overheating
Troubleshooting using Debug card and codes
Laptop Power failure, charging, Display, keyboard, Battery Problem, Restarting, Hanging, Overheated etc

 

pese

کاربر
2013-05-26
257
1,545
اصفهان
www.servicekaran.ir
به عناون مثال من یک سری اطلاعات در رابطه با ای سی i/o لپ تاپ ها می خواستم به نتایج زیر دست پیدا کردم. فقط از این کلمه در سرچم استفاده کردم (ic i/o laptop)

[h=3]IO CHIP,IO Controller ,Laptop motherboard io controller[/h]
IO Controller :


[h=2]ITE[/h] [h=2]TI8512E[/h] [h=2]0814-JXT
DE78CB L[/h]





[h=2]ene[/h] [h=2]KB39200F
U-MNOCR
A-0640C[/h]
[h=2]
[/h] [h=2]SMSCLPC47N227
B0514-B957
8HF19660J[/h]



Add caption


[h=2]PC97338VJG[/h]




[h=2]PC97551-VPC[/h]



[h=2]WINBOND[/h] ,IO Controller ,Laptop motherboard io controller


[h=2]WPCE775LAODG
4819BO25-AA2
8206BFA[/h]




[h=2]SMACLPC47N152-5G
BO232-AB44
80112922A
KCREA-A1C[/h]
 

pese

کاربر
2013-05-26
257
1,545
اصفهان
www.servicekaran.ir
به عنوان مثال من می خواستم متوجه بشم چرا فن سی پی یو های جدید 4 رشته سیم دارد و در سه حالت کند و معمولی و تند می رچخه و چگونه این ها اعمال می شوند.
از طریق جستجو با این عبارت به نتیجه خیلی خوبی رسیدم )CPU pin voltage(
How to Create a Three-Speed Fan Control without Spending a Dime | Hardware Secrets
یا به عنوان مثال می خواستم متوجه شوم چگونه می توان از مادربرد ولتاژ ها را چک کرد که به نتایجه زیر دست پیدا کردم.
به عناون مثال می خواستم ولتاژ گیری یکی از مدل های مادربرد ایلایت را سرچ کنم.
ECS nForce4-A939 Voltmods


Introduction

The ECS/Elitegroup NFORCE4-A939 is the cheapest nForce4 based motherboard available here in Europe. Although in contrast to the price, the overclocking options and the overall build quality of this board are both really good and far away from appearing cheap. This makes it the perfect victim for some voltmodding action.
Required parts



  • [*=left]2x 50K trimmer potentiometers for the VCore-Mod
    [*=left]3x ~47K SMD 0805 resistors for the VDroop-Mod
    [*=left]2x 5-position dip-switches for the VID-Mod
    [*=left]1x 200K and 1x 10K trimmer potentiometers for the VDimm-Mod
    [*=left]1x 500K and 1x 50K trimmer potentiometers for the VLDT-Mod
    [*=left]1x 5K and 1x 500R trimmer potentiometers for the VChipset-Mod
Adjust all the potentiometers to the maximum resistance. Those are the values to start with - they are very important!

For all mods the rule is: The lower the resistance on those potentiometers, the higher the voltage. So make sure you checked if maximum resistance is set before powering up for the first time after doing the mods.
Overview

358.jpg


This should give you a rough overview of where to find the specific chips, needed for the modifications.​
VCORE

Datasheet of the ISL6566 VCore-controller:

http://www.intersil.com/data/fn/FN9178.pdf

In general the VCore-Mod consists of two parts.
VCore-Mod (part1)

Let's start with the nearly common vmod-method of using the controller's feedback-pin to influence the output voltage. This mod requires you to connect a trimmer potentiometer between pin#9(FB) and Ground.

359.jpg


As you may see, I marked the appropriate points (pin#9 and ground). I advise you to use 2x 50K potentiometers connected in series for this mod. This way you get a total resitance of 100K, but with doubled precision in comparison to a single 100K poti. Now all you have to do is to connect the potentiometers just like shown in the picture. Decreasing resistance now means increasing volts.
VCore-Mod (part2)

The board is also suffering from a very annoying problem: The ISL6566's Overvoltage Protection (OVP) activates when a VCore option of about "+200mV" (might be a bit higher or lower in certain cases; official value is 175mV, according to the datasheet) is set in BIOS. Normally the controller should work in "VRM9.0"-mode, thus it should be no problem to supply a VCore of upto 375mV higher than the CPU's standard VCore. The problem now is that it operates in "AMD-HAMMER"-mode and all VCore-options above "+200mV" are quite useless, because the internal OVP gets tripped.
The ECS support told me, that due to the described problem, the VCOre-options higher than "+225mV" will be disabled in future BIOS releases (at the moment, BIOS 1.1g is the latest version).

The solution to this problem is simply influencing the CPU's standard VCore, which is generated through the 5 so called "VID-Pins". Those pins either carry a voltage higher than 1.2V or lower than this value. If the voltage is higher, it is interpreted as a logical 1 and if it's lower, it means a logical 0. The different voltages at those pins are the base of the VID-code, which consists of ones and zeros and determines the default voltage of the CPU, according to the operating mode of the voltage controller.

360.jpg


I marked the direct connections of the 5 VID-pins (yellow characters), the PULL-UP voltage (green characters) and one Ground point (blue characters).
As the name indicates, the pins marked as "Pull-Up" are used to pull the VID-pins up to a logical 1 ("high" status), while Ground is used to pull them down to a logical 0 ("low" status).

On page 11 (and following) of the ISL6566's datasheet, or the html-table below, you find the needed codes to know which pins to influence to get the desired default CPU voltage. The controller is configured to work in "AMD-HAMMER"-mode on this mainboard, so you have to rely on that table!
To perform this mod, the simplest and best way is to use 2x 5-position dip-switches and connect one side of either dip-switch to the VID-pins. That means pin number one of either 5-position switch to VID0, pin number 2 of the switch to VID1 and so on. Then connect the complete other row of pins (i.e. all 5 pins that are left on the opposite side) of one 5-position dip-switch to the green-marked PULL-UP voltage and finally the rest of the pins of the other 5-position dip-switch to Ground. Now you can set each VID-pin individually to either 1("high") or 0("low"). Of course, if you leave all the connections on the 2 5-position dip-switches "off" (unconnected), the CPU will still boot with its factory default voltage.

Example: The CPU has a default voltage of 1.4V. According to the "AMD-HAMMER"-table below, this corresponds to "0 0 1 1 0".​
AMD HAMMER VOLTAGE IDENTIFICATION
VID4 VID3 VID2 VID1 VID0 VDAC
1 1 1 1 1 Off
1 1 1 1 0 0.800
1 1 1 0 1 0.825
1 1 1 0 0 0.850
1 1 0 1 1 0.875
1 1 0 1 0 0.900
1 1 0 0 1 0.925
1 1 0 0 0 0.950
1 0 1 1 1 0.975
1 0 1 1 0 1.000
1 0 1 0 1 1.025
1 0 1 0 0 1.050
1 0 0 1 1 1.075
1 0 0 1 0 1.100
1 0 0 0 1 1.125
1 0 0 0 0 1.150
0 1 1 1 1 1.175
0 1 1 1 0 1.200
0 1 1 0 1 1.225
0 1 1 0 0 1.250
0 1 0 1 1 1.275
0 1 0 1 0 1.300
0 1 0 0 1 1.325
0 1 0 0 0 1.350
0 0 1 1 1 1.375
0 0 1 1 0 1.400
0 0 1 0 1 1.425
0 0 1 0 0 1.450
0 0 0 1 1 1.475
0 0 0 1 0 1.500
0 0 0 0 1 1.525
0 0 0 0 0 1.550


Now let's say we want to increase the default voltage to 1.55V. In order to do so, we need to change the "1", that VID1 and VID2 are set to by default, into a "0", because the VID-Code for 1.55V is "0 0 0 0 0". All we have to do in practice is to connect VID1 and VID2 to Ground and bam, we have 1.55V VCore.
Another short example:
For a default voltage of 1.1V you would need to connect VID4 to the PULL-UP voltage and VID2 to Ground.
I hope you understand the principle.

CAUTION: Only change the VID-code using the dipswitches when the system is powered OFF and never connect any VID-pin to Ground and the PULL-UP voltage at the same time!
VCore Measure

369.jpg
VDIMM & VLDT

Datasheet of the LM324 controller:

http://www-s.ti.com/sc/ds/lm324.pdf

This controller is responsible for Vdimm as well as VLDT.

370.jpg

VDIMM (left side of the LM324 according to the picture)

Connect the 200K and the 10K potentiometers in series, thus getting a total resistance of 210K. You could also only use the single 200K poti, but I like to have a bit more precision using the additional 10K poti to adjust the voltage when the changes are too high using the 200K poti alone (mostly in the lower K-Ohm-range). Finally just make the connection between pin#3 and pin#4(VCC) like shown in the picture.
VDimm and VTT Measure

372.jpg



For the VLDT-mod you do basically the same as for VDimm. You connect 1x 500K and 1x 50K potentiometers in series, and then solder them in between pin#10 and pin#4(VCC). That's all. Just like shown in the picture above.

Important info concerning VLDT:
VLDT is directly dependant on VChipset! That means VLDT can never exceed VChipset. For example for a VLDT of 1.5V you would need to set VChipset to at least 1.55V. And so on...
The higher you set VChipset, the higher the range of adjustable VLDT voltages.

VLDT Measure

Please have a look at the next page. The picture which shows the VChipset measuring points, also shows the measuring points for VLDT as they are located directly next to eachother.​
VChipset

Datasheet of the RT9218 controller:

http://www.richtek.com/www_en/Docs/DS9218A-03P.pdf

373.jpg


Take a 5K potentiometer and a 500R potentiometer and connect them in series. Finally connect those potentiometers between pin#12(FB) and Ground/GND(pin#3), just like marked in in the pic.
VChipset & VLDT Measure

374.jpg

VDroop

375.jpg


This mod is used to adjust the VCore output while in idle and load until you (nearly) get a exact match. That means the lower the difference between load and idle volts, the better.
The 3 Droop-resistors are marked with RED squares. Those 3 resistors that all have the same value of 39K (marking of "393" on top) need to be exchanged for 3 equal, higher rated resistors. I used three 47K resistors (~20% increase in comparison to the default 39K), because I still had them lying around. With my CPU set to 2.6GHz, at a VCore of 1.6V, I got a Droop of ~0.009V (measured 1.648-1.657V), which I'd consider quite acceptable. Each system behaves a bit different, so you could experiment with higher or lower rated resistors to get the best effect for your individual mainboard.

Perhaps I'll add a VTT-mod if I find the time to. I actually measured VTT under load and it didn't look like it was really necessary to do the mod, but you never know. Perhaps it could help some of you.

Finished! These are all the mods that I discovered for this board. If you have any additional questions or perhaps even some additions to these mod-descritions or ideas about the modifications, then feel free to visit our discussion forums.

Warning:
All modifications are done at your own risk! I am not responsible for any damage caused by the modifications described above! Any hardware modification will definitely void your warranty! Keep that in mind.



البته شما می توانید برای چگونگی سایر ولتاژ گیری دیگر مدل های مادربرد و کارت گرافیک یا سایر قطعات کامپیوتر به این صفحه مراجعه کنید آموزش هایی در این رابطه هست.
http://www.techpowerup.com/articles/

 
آخرین ویرایش:

pese

کاربر
2013-05-26
257
1,545
اصفهان
www.servicekaran.ir
مثلا من می خواهم ببینم مادربرد گیگابایت مدل GA-X58A-UD5 از لحاظ سخت افزاری چه چیپ ها و چه آی سی هایی داره و کار هر کدام چه هست.
با این عبارت سرچ می کنم.
(analysis of the GA-X58A-UD5 )

sic769cddrmospowerphase.jpg


The UD5 is one of the Gigabyte boards with “Unlocked Power
 
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